WRITING A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ARTICLEWRITING A SCIENTIFIC. RESEARCH ARTICLE Format for the paper. Microsoft Office 2007 Complete Version Cd Key Zip Codes. Useful books FORMAT. FOR THE PAPERScientific research articles provide a method for. A. standard format is used for these articles, in which the author presents the research in. This doesnt necessarily reflect the order in which you did or. This format is Title. Authors Introduction. Materials and Methods Results with. Tables and Figures Discussion. Acknowledgments. Literature Cited TITLEMake your title specific. The. title should be appropriate for the intended audience. The title usually describes the. Effect of Smoking on Academic PerformanceSometimes a title that. This issue continues the 7segment format including Convictions Concerns, TAT Foundation News, Humor, Inspiration Irritation, Reader Commentary, Founders Wisdom. Product Reviews for Teaching Tips And Effective Strategies for Islamic Schools Revised Edition Dr. Mohammad Ismail. Students Who Smoke Get Lower GradesAUTHORS1. The person who did the work and wrote the. For published articles, other people who made. Ask your mentors. ABSTRACT1. An abstract, or summary, is published together. Such. abstracts may also be published separately in bibliographical sources, such as Biologic al. Abstracts. They allow other scientists to quickly scan the large scientific literature. The abstract should be a little less. Your abstract should be one paragraph, of. It is not easy to include all this information. Start by writing a summary that includes whatever you think is. Dont use abbreviations or citations in the. It should be able to stand alone without any footnotes. INTRODUCTIONWhat question did you ask in your experimentWhy. The introduction summarizes the relevant literature so that the reader. One to fo ur paragraphs. Contrary to popular opinion, some tweetstorms are good, but reading them on Twitter can be a pain in the ass. Thread Reader reformats a tweetstorm into a readable. The authority on APA Style and the 6th edition of the APA Publication Manual. Find tutorials, the APA Style Blog, how to format papers in APA Style, and other. This book is intended to be gentle toward those new to Asterisk, but we assume that youre familiar with basic Linux administration, networking, and other IT. End with a sentence explaining the specific question you asked in this. MATERIALS AND. METHODS1. How did you answer this question There should. Look at. other papers that have been published in your field to get some idea of what is included. If you had a complicated protocol, it may. Do not put results in this section. You may. however, include preliminary results that were used to design the main experiment that you. In a preliminary study, I observed the owls for one week, and. I conducted. all subsequent experiments between 1. Mention relevant ethical considerations. If. you used human subjects, did they consent to participate. If you used animals, what. RESULTS1. This is where you present the results youve. Use graphs and tables if appropriate, but also summarize your main findings in the. Do NOT discuss the results or speculate as to why something happened t hat goes in. Discussion. 2. You dont necessarily have to include all the. This isnt a diary. Use appropriate methods of showing data. Dont. try to manipulate the data to make it look like you did more than you actually did. The drug cured 13 of the infected mice. TABLES AND GRAPHS1. If you present your data in a table or graph. Enzyme activity at various. My results. For graphs, you should also label the x. Dont use a table or graph just. If you can summarize the information in one sentence, then a. DISCUSSION1. Highlight the most significant results, but. Results section. How do these results relate. Do the data support your hypothesis Are your results consistent. If your results were unexpected, try to. Is there another way to interpret your results What further research would. How do y our results fit into. End with a one sentence summary of your. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis section is optional. You can thank those who. REFERENCES. LITERATURE CITEDThere are several possible ways to organize this. Here is one commonly used way 1. In the text, cite the literature in the. Scarlet 1. 99. 0 thought that the gene was present. Indigo and Mauve, 1. Magenta, et al., 1. In the References section list citations in. Indigo, A. C., and Mauve, B. E. 1. 99. 4. Queer place. Science 2. 75, 1. Magenta, S. T., Sepia, X., and Turquoise, U. Wombat genetics. In Widiculous Wombats, Violet, Q., ed. New York Columbia. University Press. Scarlet, S. L. 1. Isolation of qwerty gene from. S. cerevisae. Journal of Unusual Results 3. EDIT YOUR PAPERIn my writing, I average. Unfortunately, theyre all the same page. Michael Alley, The Craft of Scientific Writing A major part of any writing assignment consists. Write accurately. Scientific writing must be accurate. Although. writing instructors may tell you not to use the same word twice in a sentence, its okay. A student who tried not to repeat the. When I put the hamster in. Make sure you say what you mean. Instead of The rats were injected with. Write I injected the drug into the rat. Be careful with commonly confused words Temperature has an effect on the. Temperature affects the reaction. I used solutions in various concentrations. The. solutions were 5 mgml, 1. I used solutions in varying concentrations. The concentrations I used changed sometimes. Less food cant count numbers of foodFewer animals can count numbers of animalsA large amount of food cant count themA large number of animals can count themThe erythrocytes, which are in the blood, contain. The erythrocytes that are in the blood contain hemoglobin. Wrong. This sentence implies. Write clearly. 1. Write at a level thats appropriate for your. Like a pigeon, something to admire as long. Anonymous 2. Use the active voice. Its clearer and. Instead of An increased appetite was. Write The rats ate more and gained weight. Use the first person. Instead of It is thought Write I think Instead of The samples were analyzed Write I analyzed the samples 4. Avoid dangling participles. After incubating at 3. C, we. examined the petri plates. You mustve been pretty warm in there. Write succinctly 1. Use verbs instead of abstract nouns Instead of take into consideration. Write consider 2. Use strong verbs instead of to. Instead of The enzyme was found to be the. Write The enzyme catalyzed. Use short words. I would never use a long word where a short one would answer the purpose. I. know there are professors in this country who ligate arteries. Other surgeons tie them. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. Instead of Write possesshavesufficientenoughutilizeusedemonstrateshowassistancehelpterminateend. Use concise terms. Instead. Write prior to beforedue to the fact thatbecausein a considerable. Im too lazy to look up. Use short sentences. A sentence made of more. The conjunction and commonly serves. Rudolf Virchow, 1. Check your grammar, spelling and punctuation. Use a spellchecker, but be aware that they. When we consider the animal as a. Students paper 2. Your spellchecker may not recognize. For the correct spelling, try Biotechs. Dictionary or one of the technical dictionaries on the reference shelf in the Biology. Health Sciences libraries. Dont, use, unnecessary, commas. Proofread carefully to see if you any. USEFUL BOOKSVictoria E. Mc. Millan, Writing Papers in the. Biological Sciences, Bedford Books, Boston, 1. The best. On sale for about 1. Labyrinth Books, 1. Street. On reserve in Biology. Library. Jan A. Pechenik, A Short Guide to Writing. About Biology, Boston Little, Brown, 1. Harrison W. Ambrose, III Katharine Peckham. Ambrose, A Handbook of Biological Investigation, 4th edition, Hunter Textbooks Inc. Winston Salem, 1. Particularly useful if you need to use statistics to analyze your data. Copy on Reference. Biology Library. Robert S. Day, How to Write and Publish a. Scientific Paper, 4th edition, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1. Earlier editions also good. A bit more advanced, intended for those writing papers for. Fun to read. Several copies available in Columbia libraries. William Strunk, Jr. E. B. White, The. Elements of Style, 3rd ed. Macmillan, New York, 1. Several copies available in Columbia libraries. Strunks first edition is.