Chapter 4 GARDGuide. From GARDGuide. 4. Defining the Problem Characterization. The Magic of Christmas, Bk 2, Dennis Alexander 9780739024218 0739024213 Alfreds Solo Spectacular Bk 1, Alfred Publishing. Introduction. 4. 2 Site Characterization Approach. Mine Life Cycle Phases. Sources of Acid Rock Drainage. Conceptual Site Model Development. Components of Site Characterization. Geo environmental Models. Source Material Geochemical Characterization. How To Change My Hdd Serial Number. Watershed Characterization. The Hydrologic Cycle. Even more Account Options. Sign in Search settings. To address these key questions, expertise from numerous disciplines is required, including geology, mineralogy, hydrology, hydrogeology, geochemistry, biology. Research Funding. ACARP seeks research proposals that address key industry problems on an annual basis. The announcement seeking research proposals will be. A Guidance Manual to Support the Assessment of Contaminated Sediments in Freshwater Ecosystems Volume II Design and Implementation of Sediment. Source USC Technology In China pdf Australian power is mostly coal, and mostly old and inefficient. China now has several plants running these large 1000MW. Passenger Terminal EXPO 2018 20, 21, 22 March 2018 Stockholm, Sweden. Water Balance. 4. Assimilative Capacity of the Receiving Environment. Biological Receptors. Summary. 4. 5 References. List of Tables. List of Figures. Introduction. The generation, release, mobility, and attenuation of acid rock drainage ARD is a complex process governed by a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors see Chapter 2. Neutral mine drainage NMD and saline drainage SD are governed by similar factors but may or may not involve the oxidation of sulphides. Whether ARD, NMD, or SD enters the environment depends largely on the characteristics of the sources and pathways. Characterization of these features is therefore key to the prediction, prevention, and management of drainage impacted by the products of sulphide oxidation at mine sites. In this chapter, the term ARD refers to drainage types that are affected by the products of sulphide oxidation, including acid, neutral and saline drainage. Environmental characterization programs are designed to collect sufficient data to answer the following questions. Is ARD likely to occur and what are the potential sources What type of chemistry is expected When is likely to start and how much will be generatedWhat are the significant pathways that transport contaminants to the receiving environment and can those contaminants be attenuated along those pathways What are the anticipated environmental impacts What can be done to prevent or mitigatemanage ARDFigure 4 1 shows how the information presented in this chapter is integrated with other chapters of the GARD Guide in the development and execution of a site characterization program to address these questions. To address these key questions, expertise from numerous disciplines is required, including geology, mineralogy, hydrology, hydrogeology, geochemistry, biology, meteorology, and engineering Figure 4 2. Fundamentally, the geologic and mineralogic characteristics of the ore body and host rock or the coal seam and overburden define the type of drainage generated as a result of mining. The site climatic and hydrologichydrogeologic characteristics define whether and how constituents present in mine drainage are transported through the receiving environment to receptors. Because the geologic and mineralogic characteristics of mineral deposits exert important and predictable controls on the environmental signature of mineralized areas both before mining and during mining Plumlee, 1. ARD is typically made based on review of geologic data collected during exploration. Baseline environmental characterization of elemental concentrations in various media i. ARD potential and documents potentially naturally elevated concentrations in the surrounding environment. The initial assessment of ARD potential is refined during mine development and operation as detailed characterization data of the waste and ore materials are obtained. During mine development, the magnitude and location of sources of mine and process discharges to the environment are identified. The boundaries of the receiving watersheds are delineated based on topography, defining the site characterization boundary. Meteorologic, hydrological, and hydrogeological investigations are conducted to characterize the amount and direction of water movement within the watershed i. Potential biological receptors within the watershed boundary are identified. Over the mine life, the focus of the watershed characterization program evolves from establishment of baseline conditions, to prediction of drainage release and transport, to monitoring of the environmental conditions and potential impacts. This chapter presents the approach and methods typically applied to characterize the release, transport, and fate of constituents present in ARD i. The History of South Australia Volume II by Edwin Hodder. Despite inherent differences at mine sites e. Top of this page. Site Characterization Approach. Table 4 1 describes the phases of mine development from exploration through to post closure. During the early stages of mine development, site specific information may be limited and therefore a high level of uncertainty is present in site characterization. This uncertainty is reduced as information is obtained during exploration, planning, feasibility and design, and is further reduced during operation and decommissioning. Table 4 2 and Table 4 3 present the chronology of a characterization program and identify the data collection activities typically executed during each mine phase. The bulk of the characterization effort occurs before mining during the mine planning, assessment, and design phase referred to as the development phase throughout this chapter. Identification of potential environmental impacts during this phase and incorporation of appropriate prevention and mitigation measures is intended to minimize environmental impacts and serves as a foundation for the environmental and social impact assessment. During the commissioningconstruction and operation phases, a transition from site characterization to monitoring of waste materials and geochemical processes occurs, which continues throughout the decommissioning and post closure phases. Ongoing monitoring refines the knowledge of the site, allowing adjustments for new technologies that may evolve during the mine life and whose incorporation will reduce closure costs and better manage associated risks. Top of this page. Mine Life Cycle Phases. Exploration Phase. The primary objective of exploration is to locate a potentially economic ore body or energy resource. The techniques employed in mineral exploration include literature review, geologic mapping, geochemical sampling rock, soil, and water sampling, geophysical testing, remote sensing surveys surface, subsurface, airborne, and satellite, aerial photography, and drilling SME, 2. Exploration data are compiled to characterize the ore deposit, including the deposits size, grade, mineralization style, and the alteration assemblages present. The exploration geologist maps the lateral and vertical distribution of material types across the deposit. Material types may include distinct lithologies or rock units, ore units, alteration assemblages, coal seam overburden and interburden or soil types that have relatively homogeneous characteristics of importance e. Three dimensional digital representations of material types, called block models, are generated from borehole data to develop the economic ore estimation models see Chapter 5. If sufficient data are available, geologic block models with an ore evaluation focus can be adapted using ARD potential indicator parameters e. ABA results to provide an early indication of the quantities of potentially acid generating and non acid generating wastes and the overall ARD potential of the deposit. Determination of parameters such as sulphur and carbon during exploration, therefore, provides significant value at later stages of the project cycle by augmenting the ABA database from the geochemical characterization program. Exploration data collected to determine the economic value of a mineral deposit also provide information useful in the assessment of environmental impacts from mining. For example, the presence of acid generating and acid neutralizing minerals associated with the ore and host rock can be determined from mineralogical data. Exploration drilling logs are often a source of useful hydrogeologic data. The depth to water and quantity of water encountered during drilling are information that may be used to characterize groundwater occurrence and flow conditions.